Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2023–2021 data

This report is published jointly by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. The Regional Office developed the overview of the WHO European Region as a whole and validated the results for the WHO European Region countries (excluding the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA)), and ECDC developed the overview of the EU/EEA countries and validated the EU/EEA results. The results presented in this report are based on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data from invasive isolates reported to the Central Asian and European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (CAESAR) network and the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) in 2022 (data referring to 2021). In total, 16 countries reported data to CAESAR, while 29 countries, including all of those in the European Union (EU) and two from the European Economic Area (EEA) (Iceland and Norway), reported data to EARS-Net. Although the EARSNet and CAESAR networks use comparable methods for data collection and analysis, the results presented in this report originate from distinct country surveillance systems. As these inherently are influenced by specific protocols and practices, caution is advised when comparing AMR patterns between countries.