International code of conduct on pesticide management: guidance note on online sales of pesticides
Overview
Pesticides are widely used in agricultural
production, vector control and household pest control. In the era of rapid
internet and trade globalization, the online sale of pesticides has become a significant
means of pesticide sales and supply.
For purposes of this guidance note, online sales of
pesticides are sales made through digital methods, such that buyers and sellers
use the internet or electronic means to sell. These sales predominantly take
place through various platforms or websites, including integrated e-commerce
platforms (also known as third-party platforms). Internet platforms typically
host a wide range of goods, including pesticides. Additionally, websites
developed by pesticide companies, manufacturers, and distributors serve to enhance
corporate image and promote products, offering comprehensive information and
facilitating direct sales or acting as references for official distributors.
Social media platforms can be utilized for advertising, negotiation, and
information dissemination regarding pesticide products and therefore hold
responsibility in the promotion of the pesticide.
Despite offering conveniences such as accessibility, diverse choices, and customer reviews, online sales introduce specific challenges compared to traditional offline sales of pesticides. These challenges include difficulties in exercising withdrawal rights along with the increasing anonymity of sellers, especially when third-party platforms are used; and difficulties for regulators to enforce national legislation, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), potentially increasing health and environmental risks if left unaddressed. Moreover, the borderless nature of online markets and advancements in marketing technology can surpass current regulatory measures, posing the risk of distributing illegal pesticides. Enforcement is further hindered due to the ease with which operators can swiftly enter and exit online marketplaces. Infringers not only “hide” behind the anonymity of a screen, making it challenging to identify those responsible for violations, but they can also rapidly alter the content of their websites or resume their activities after being shut down by re-registering under a new digital identity or shifting to a different e-commerce platform.
This guidance note identifies issues and challenges specific to online pesticide sales, covering key aspects, including possible options for approaches to regulating online pesticide sellers (including online platforms), such as clarifying their roles and responsibilities; transportation considerations; labelling and information dissemination; establishment of a robust reporting system; supervision and enforcement mechanisms for online pesticide sales; and compliance with international conventions and fostering collaboration. Thereby, this guidance outlines several relevant considerations for effective regulation of online pesticide sales. Common issues shared by both online and offline sales will not be addressed, as it is assumed that regulations applicable offline (such as regulations for transporting and delivering hazardous materials) also apply to online, in terms of pesticide sales.
