Alcohol, Drugs and Addictive Behaviours
The Unit works globally to improve health and well-being of populations by articulating, promoting, supporting and monitoring evidence-informed policies, strategies and interventions to reduce the burden associated with alcohol, drugs and addictive behaviours.

Governance of alcohol

WHO Governing bodies processes on alcohol

WHO Governing bodies processes on alcohol

Alcohol has been discussed and decided on in WHO since 1951

During the Sixty-third session of the World Health Assembly, held in Geneva in May 2010, the 193 Member States of WHO reached an historical consensus on a global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol by adopting resolution WHA63.13. The adopted resolution and endorsed strategy gives guidance to both Member States and to the WHO Secretariat on ways to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.

On this page you will find information about the political process that led to the endorsement of the strategy as well as processes that proceeded and succeeded the strategy process. Please note that this overview does not include processes on harmful use of alcohol under the NCD framework. You can read more about harmful use of alcohol as a risk factor for NCDs here.

Ongoing: WHO to accelerate action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol

Assignment given to the WHO Secretariat by the WHO Executive Board

In 2020, during the 146th session of the WHO Executive Board, the Board in its decision EB146 (14) called for accelerated action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and requested the WHO Director-General, inter alia, to develop an action plan (2022-2030) to effectively implement the Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority, and to develop a technical report on the harmful use of alcohol related to cross-border alcohol marketing, advertising and promotional activities, including targeting youth and adolescents, as well as to adequately resource the work on the harmful use of alcohol.

You can read more about the process the WHO Secretariat is following to develop the draft action plan as requested In decision EB146 (14) here.

2019: Implementation of WHO’s global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol during the first decade since its endorsement, and the way forward

Assignment given to the WHO Secretariat by the World Health Assembly

Paragraph 3.d of decision WHA72(11) requests the WHO Director-General to “to report to the Seventy-third World Health Assembly in 2020, through the Executive Board, on the implementation of WHO’s global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol during the first decade since its endorsement, and the way forward”. During the discussions at the 72nd World Health Assembly, the WHO Director-General committed that “the report will be elaborated in full consultation and engagement with Member States” and requested that this be reflected accordingly in the official records.

In response to decision WHA72(11), the process which the WHO Secretariat followed to develop the report was as follows:

  • 1 July – 15 September 2019: Data collection from Member States (through WHO Regional and Country Offices) on the implementation of the WHO Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol (within the framework of the Global survey on progress towards SDG target 3.5);
  • 15 September – 15 October 2019: Regional consultations with Member States on the implementation of the WHO global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol since its endorsement, and the way forward, and validation of country information collected through the above-mentioned survey;
  • 30 September 2019: WHO Secretariat submitted a preliminary report on the implementation of WHO’s global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol during the first decade since its endorsement, and the way forward, to WHO Governing Bodies Secretariat (GBS) summarizing the findings until 30 September 2019;
  • 15 October – 21 October 2019: WHO Secretariat developed a discussion paper on the implementation of the WHO global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol since its endorsement, and the way forward;
  • 21 October – 4 November 2019: Web-based consultation on a discussion paper dated 21 October 2019 on the implementation of the WHO global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol since its endorsement, and the way forward. The web-based consultation was open to Member States, UN organizations and other international organizations, and non-State actors. All relevant feedback received was  published on the website;
  • 11 November 2019: Informal consultation with Member States on the discussion paper dated 21 October 2019;
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    2008 - 2010: Outline of the process that led to the WHO Global strategy to reduce harmful use of alcohol

    During the Sixty-third session of the World Health Assembly, held in Geneva in May 2010, the 193 Member States of WHO reached an historical consensus on a global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol by adopted resolution WHA63.13. The adopted resolution and endorsed strategy gives guidance to both Member States and to the WHO Secretariat on ways to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.

    The drafting of the strategy was mandated in resolution WHA61.4 from 2008 and the drafting process involved the following activities and timeline:

    Stage I: Broad consultation process

    3 October - 15 November 2008:
    Web-based consultation (WHO public hearings) with Member States and other stakeholders on ways of reducing harmful use of alcohol.  Download all submission here.

    6. November 2008:
    Roundtable meeting with economic operators.
    Meeting report.

    24-25 November 2008:

    Roundtable meeting with NGOs and health professionals on ways they could contribute to reducing harmful use of alcohol.
    Meeting report.

    8 September 2009:
    Consultation with intergovernmental organizations.
    Meeting report.

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      Stage II: Draft strategy development for consideration by the WHO Executive Board in January 2010 and presentation to World Health Assembly in May 2010

      February - May 2009:
      WHO regional technical consultations with Member States took place in all six WHO regions to ensure the effective collaboration with Member States on developing a draft global strategy to reduce harmful use of alcohol. Ongoing national and sub-regional processes, national needs, priority areas for global actions and coordination was discussed, as well as examples of best practices with special emphasis on at-risk populations, young people and those affected by the harmful drinking of others.

      May - August 2009:
      The WHO Secretariat produced and sent out to Member States for their feedback a working document for developing a draft global strategy to reduce harmful use of alcohol. The working document is based on the outcomes of the regional consultations with Member States and consultative process with other stakeholders and contains relevant background information, as well as a proposed vision, objectives and target areas for action by Member States.

       October 2009:
      An informal consultation with Member Status took place 8 October 2009 in Geneva to discuss feedback from Member States on the working document in continuation of the consultation and collaboration process with Member States on developing a draft global strategy to reduce harmful use of alcohol.

      October - November 2009:
      Preparation of the draft of the global strategy on harmful use of alcohol to be included in the documentation for the 126th Executive Board meeting to be held in January 2010. A draft global strategy was annexed to the Report by the Secretariat. The documentation also contained an evidence annex.

      18–23 January 2010: Executive Board 126th Session

      At its 126th session in January 2010 the Executive Board discussed the draft global strategy to reduce harmful use of alcohol that had been prepared on the basis of available evidence and the outcomes of consultations with Member States and stakeholders, and in collaboration with Member States, as requested in resolution WHA61.4. The Board adopted resolution EB126.R11 in which it recommended the World Health Assembly to endorse the global strategy. The draft global strategy presented to the World Health Assembly was amended in the light of comments made by the Board.

      17–22 May 2010: Sixty-third World Health Assembly
      The Health Assembly considered the draft resolution contained in resolution EB126.R11, which endorses a draft global strategy to reduce harmful use of alcohol. Strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol was item 11.10 on the provisional agenda. For the first time, delegations from all 193 Member States of World Health Organization reached consensus at the World Health Assembly on a strategy to confront the harmful use of alcohol and adopted resolution WHA63.13.

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      2004 - 2008: Public health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol

      Governing body processes

      EB115/37: Executive Board 115. (‎2005)‎. Public health problems caused by alcohol: report by the Secretariat. 

      EB115.R5: Executive Board 115. (‎2005)‎. Public health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol.

      A58/18: World Health Assembly, 58. (‎2005)‎. Public health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol: report by the Secretariat

      WHA58.26: World Health Assembly, 58. (‎2005)‎. Public-health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol.

      EB120/35 Executive Board, 120. (‎2007)‎. Implementation of resolutions: progress reports: report by the Secretariat.

      A60/14: World Health Assembly, 60. (‎2007)‎. Evidence-based strategies and interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm: report by the Secretariat and  A60/14 Add.1

      WHA60(10): World Health Assembly, 60. (‎2007)‎. Evidence-based strategies and interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm (page 4)

      EB121/10: Executive Board, 121. (‎2007)‎. Expert committees and study groups: report by the Secretariat. (from page 6)

      EB122/10: Executive Board, 122. (‎2008)‎. Strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol: report by the Secretariat.

      EB122.R2: Executive Board, 122. (‎2008)‎. Strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.

      A61/13: World Health Assembly, 61. (‎2008)‎. Strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol: report by the Secretariat.

      WHA61.4: World Health Assembly, 61. (‎2008)‎. Strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. World Health Organization. 

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      1951 - 2020: WHO governing bodies documents on alcohol

      Below are links to key governing bodies documents on alcohol. Please note that important documents on alcohol  has been part of  NCD action plan process from 2011 to 2020. These documents  are currently not included in the overview below.

      World Health Assembly decisions and resolutions

      1975
      WHA28.81
      Health statistics related to alcohol

      1979
      WHA32.40
      Development of the WHO programme on alcohol-related problems

      1983
      WHA36.12
      Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems: development of national policies and programmes

      1987
      WHA40.32
      Use of alcohol in medicines

      1989
      WHA42.20
      Prevention and control of drug and alcohol abuse

      2004
      WHA57.16
      Health promotion and healthy lifestyles

      2005
      WHA58.26
      Public-health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol

      2007
      WHA60(10)
      Evidence-based strategies and interventions to reduce alcohol-related

      2008
      WHA61.4
      Strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol

      2010
      WHA63.13
      Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol

       

      Reports to the World Health Assembly

      1979
      A32/11
      Development of WHO programme on alcohol-related problems (including health statistics related to alcohol)

      1982
      A35/Technical Discussions/1
      Background document for reference and use at the technical discussions on "Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems: development of national policies and programmes"
      A35/Technical Discussions/2
      Arrangements for technical discussions at the thirty-fifth World Health Assembly
      A35/Technical Discussions/3
      Selected documents and publications on alcohol consumption and alcohol problems produced by, or in collaboration with, WHO
      A35/Technical Discussions/4
      Alcohol-related problems and their effects on social and economic development in the world
      A35/Technical Discussions/5
      Exhibition illustrating: "Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems"
      A35/Technical Discussions/6
      Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems: development of national policies and programmes: report on technical discussions
      A35/Technical Discussions/7
      Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems: development of national policies and programmes: further considerations

      1985
      A38/Inf.Doc./4
      Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems

      1989
      A42/Technical Discussions/4
      The health of youth: facts for action: youth and alcohol

      1992
      A45/7
      Prevention and control of drug and alcohol abuse: progress report by the Director-General

      2005
      A58/18
      Public health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol: report by the Secretariat

      2007
      A60/14
      Evidence-based strategies and interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm: report by the Secretariat
      A60/14 Add.1
      Evidence-based strategies and interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm: global assessment of public-health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol

      2008
      A61/13
      Strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol: report by the Secretariat

      2010
      A63/13
      Strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol: draft global strategy: report by the Secretariat

       

      Records from the World Health Assembly

      2005
      WHA58/2005/REC/3
      Fifty-eighth World Health Assembly, Geneva, 16-25 May 2005: summary records of committees: reports of committees

      2007
      WHA60/2007/REC/3
      Sixtieth World Health Assembly, Geneva, 14-23 May 2007: summary records of committees: reports of committees

      2008
      WHA61/2008/REC/3
      Sixty-first World Health Assembly, Geneva, 19-24 May 2008: summary records of committees: reports of committees

      2010
      WHA63/2010/REC/3
      Sixty-third World Health Assembly: Geneva, 17-22 May 2010: summary records of committees: reports of committees

       

      WHO Executive Board decisions and resolutions

      1952
      EB9.R48
      Alcoholism Sub-Committee of the Expert Committee on Mental Health: report on second session

      1954
      EB13.R14
      Expert Committee on Alcohol: first report

      1983
      EB71.R7
      Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems: development of national policies and programmes

      1987
      EB79.R17
      Use of alcohol in medicines

      1989
      EB83.R10
      Prevention and control of drug and alcohol abuse

      2004
      EB113.R2
      Health promotion and healthy lifestyles

      2005
      EB115.R5
      Public health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol

      2008
      EB122.R2
      Strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol

      2010
      EB126.R11
      Strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol

      2020
      EB146(14)
      Accelerating action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol

       

      Reports to WHO Executive Board

      1951
      EB8/22
      Alcoholism Sub-Committee of the Expert Committee on Mental Health: report on session
      EB9/23
      Expert Committee on Mental Health (alcoholism): report on second session

      1953
      EB13/10
      Expert Committee on Alcohol: first report

      1954
      EB15/21
      Joint meeting of the Expert Committee on Mental Health and on Alcohol: first report

      1978
      EB63/23
      Alcohol-related problems: the need to develop further the WHO initiative: report by the Director-General

      1979
      EB63.R30
      Development of WHO programme on alcohol-related problems

      1980
      EB67/3
      Expert committee meetings: report by the Director-General

      1984
      EB75/INF.DOC./7
      Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems

      1986
      EB79/9
      Use of alcohol in medicines: report by the Director-General

      1991
      EB89/16
      Prevention and control of drug and alcohol abuse: progress report by the Director-General

      2005
      EB115/37
      Public health problems caused by alcohol: report by the Secretariat

      2007
      EB121/10
      Expert committees and study groups: report by the Secretariat

      2010
      EB126/13
      Strategies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol: draft global strategy: report to the Secretariat

      2013
      EB132/42
      Progress reports: report by the Secretariat

       

      Records from WHO Executive Board

      2005
      EB115/2005/REC/2
      Executive Board 115th session, Geneva 17-24 January 2005: summary records

      2008
      EB122/2008/REC/2
      Executive Board 122nd session, Geneva, 21-25 January 2008: summary records

      2010
      EB126/2010/REC/2
      Executive Board 126th session, Geneva, 18-23 January 2010: summary records

       

      Expert Committee Reports

      Alcohol in 1954: "To Your Health"

      "To Your Health" is a film produced by the World Health Organization. It is based upon the publications of a 1954 WHO Expert Committee on Alcohol and Alcoholism and presents a number of facts to encourage objective discussion of the problems of alcohol and alcoholism and to contribute to public understanding. It shows in cartoon form the action of alcohol on the human body, the relationship of the custom of drinking to historical and cultural factors in society, and it includes a description of the onset of the disease of alcoholism as it occurs in some individuals. The film pronounces no judgement and makes no recommendations as to the action required to solve this public health problem but leaves this question open to individual audiences to consider and discuss. Here are some still shots from the film.

      For some people alcohol becomes an obsession.

      WHO

      /

      Here is any man, John, Johan, Juan or Jacques… A ta santé, Salud, Prosit, Here's how.

      WHO 1954

      /

      Why do people drink in spite of the dangers? Alcohol has been used since the beginning of time, when it was believed to be the stream of life... A brotherhood of blood later became a brotherhood in wine.

      WHO 1954

      /

      This still shows how a man can begin to look for drinking occasions as often as possible...and, when he can't find any other excuse...he sneaks a drink - alone.

      WHO 1954

      /

      The man for whom alcohol becomes an obsession looks for drinking occasions as often as possible. His friends drink for relaxation... he drinks to escape his conflicts.

      WHO 1954

      /

      Finally, alcohol is no longer a beverage... it has become a drug... he loses his job... and tries to start again in another town.

      WHO 1954

      /

      Birth...

      WHO 1954

      /

      But Doctor, if I stop drinking people will think I'm peculiar.

      WHO 1954

      /

      Confused, John Everyman asks his doctor: "Alcohol, what is alcohol anyway?... Why can't I get some unprejudiced opinions, some facts?"

      WHO 1954

      /

      A contract signed and sealed in alcohol would not be broken...

      WHO 1954

      /

      The problem stands...will alcohol control us? ... Or can we control alcohol?

      WHO 1954

      /

      The roots of superstition are deep. Listen! (Voice): I'm afraid we can't trust Bob. He won't drink with us… (Another voice): Look how well Jim holds his liquor. He's a real man.

      WHO 1954

      /

      Very few people die from taking too much alcohol at one time, but there are others dangers.

      WHO 1954

      /

      Why do people drink? Most people drink because it is the accepted custom.

      WHO 1954

      /

      Some drink to escape the tensions of everyday life.

      WHO 1954

      /

      Imagine the brain as a complex control centre...When alcohol enters the brain it interferes with these functions. Firstly...Reasoning Power... Inhibition... Memory... Vision... Speech... Hearing and lastly Muscular coordination is affected.

      WHO 1954

      /

      For years alcohol students have experimented... analysed... and weighed the evidence...

      WHO 1954

      /

      Some drink to escape the tensions of everyday life.

      WHO 1954

      /

      Some drink to escape the tensions of everyday life.

      WHO 1954

      /

      Betrothal...

      WHO1954

      /
      For some  people alcohol becomes an obsession.
      Here is any man, John, Johan, Juan or Jacques… A ta santé, Salud, Prosit, Here's how.
      Why do people drink in spite of the dangers? Alcohol has been used since the beginning of time, when it was believed to be the stream of life... A brotherhood of blood later became a brotherhood in wine.
      This still shows how a man can begin to look for drinking occasions as often as possible...and, when he can't find any other excuse...he sneaks a drink - alone.
      The man for whom alcohol becomes an obsession looks for drinking occasions as often as possible. His friends drink for relaxation... he drinks to escape his conflicts.
      Finally, alcohol is no longer a beverage... it has become a drug... he loses his job... and tries to start again in another town.
      Birth...
      But Doctor, if I stop drinking people will think I'm peculiar.
      Confused, John Everyman asks his doctor: "Alcohol, what is alcohol anyway?... Why can't I get some unprejudiced opinions, some facts?"
      A contract signed and sealed in alcohol would not be broken...
      The problem stands...will alcohol control us? ... Or can we control alcohol?
      The roots of superstition are deep. Listen! (Voice): I'm afraid we can't trust Bob. He won't drink with us… (Another voice): Look how well Jim holds his liquor. He's a real man.
      Very few people die from taking too much alcohol at one time, but there are others dangers.
      Why do people drink? Most people drink because it is the accepted custom.
      Some drink to escape the tensions of everyday life.
      Imagine the brain as a complex control centre...When alcohol enters the brain it interferes with these functions. Firstly...Reasoning Power... Inhibition... Memory... Vision... Speech... Hearing and lastly Muscular coordination is affected.
      For years alcohol students have experimented... analysed... and weighed the evidence...
      Some drink to escape the tensions of everyday life.
      Some drink to escape the tensions of everyday life.
      Betrothal...