e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA)


An online library of evidence-informed guidelines for nutrition interventions and single point of reference for the latest nutrition guidelines, recommendations and related information.

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Reducing the impact of marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages on children

Intervention | Last updated: 26 April 2023


Advertising and other forms of food and beverage marketing to children are widespread across the world and are influencing children’s food preferences, purchase requests and consumption patterns. A significant amount of this marketing is for products with a high content of fat, sugars or salt, consumption of which may increase the risk of overweight, obesity or certain noncommunicable diseases.

Overweight and obese children are at higher risk of developing serious health problems including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma and other respiratory problems, sleep disorders and liver disease. They may also suffer from psychological effects, such as low self-esteem, depression and social isolation. Childhood obesity also increases the risk of obesity, noncommunicable diseases, premature death and disability in adulthood.

WHO Recommendations


WHO has developed a set of 12 recommendations, endorsed by the World Health Assembly, aimed at reducing the impact of marketing foods high in saturated fats, trans-fatty acids, free sugars or salt.

The recommendations can be found in the guidance document, Set of recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children below



Evidence


Related systematic reviews


Influence of unhealthy food and beverage marketing on children’s dietary intake and preference: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Sadeghirad B, Duhaney T, Motaghipisheh S, Campbell NR, Johnston BC Obesity Reviews. 2016;17:945–959.


The influence of the food environment on overweight and obesity in young children: a systematic review

Osei-Assibey G, Dick S, Macdiarmid J, Semple S, Reilly JJ, Ellaway A et al. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e001538.


Advertising as a cue to consume: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of acute exposure to unhealthy food and nonalcoholic beverage advertising on intake in children and adults

Boyland EJ, Nolan S, Kelly B, Tudur-Smith C, Jones A, Halford JC, Robinson E. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(2):519-33.


The extent, nature and effects of food promotion to children: a review of the evidence to December 2008

Cairns G, Angus K, Hastings G. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.


Cost-effectiveness Learn More Alternate Text


Cost-effectiveness analyses


BMI and Healthcare Cost Impact of Eliminating Tax Subsidy for Advertising Unhealthy Food to Youth

Sonneville KR, Long MW, Ward ZJ, Resch SC, Wang YC, Pomeranz JL, et al. Am J Prev Med. 2015; 49(1):124-34.


The Potential Cost-Effectiveness and Equity Impacts of Restricting Television Advertising of Unhealthy Food and Beverages to Australian Children

Brown V, Ananthapavan J, Veerman L, Sacks G, Lal A, Peeters A, et al. Nutrients. 2018; 10(5).


The cost-effectiveness of removing television advertising of high-fat and/or high-sugar food and beverages to Australian children

Magnus A, Haby MM, Carter R, Swinburn B. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009; 33(10):1094-102.